The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824, also known as the Treaty of London, was a contract signed on 17 March 1824 in London between the United Kingdom and the Netherlands. The treaty was intended to resolve disputes arising from the implementation of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814. For the Dutch, it was signed by Hendrik Fagel and Anton Reinhard Falck, for the United Kingdom, George Canning and Charles Williams-Wynn. Disputes arising from the treaty were the subject of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824. It was recognized that the treaty, adopted by the British and Dutch in 1824, was without the consent of the Malay leaders and their ministers, and was therefore incompetent, so that it was null and for none. The invalidity of such treaties, including the Treaty of 1824, was recognized in paragraph 3, as provided for in the British Parliament`s White Paper for the formation of an EU government in 1946. Para 3 says; All transfers of ownership and facilities were scheduled for March 1, 1825. They agreed that the return of Java to the Netherlands had been settled in accordance with a Java convention of 24 June 1817, with the exception of a sum of 100,000 pounds to be paid by the Netherlands to London before the end of 1825. The treaty was ratified by the United Kingdom on 30 April 1824 and by the Netherlands on 2 June 1824. The Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1824 officially delimited two territories: Malaya, ruled by the United Kingdom, and Dutch East India, governed by the Netherlands. The successor states of Malaya are Malaysia and Singapore and the successor state of Dutch East India is Indonesia.
The line between the spheres of influence between the British and the Dutch eventually became the border between Indonesia and Malaysia (a small segment becoming the border between Indonesia and Singapore). The colonial influence that followed also affected the Malay language, commonly spoken as a regional language between these islands, which were used in Malaysian and Indonesian variants. Negotiations between Canning and Fagel began on July 20, 1820. The Dutch insisted on the British abandonment of Singapore. Indeed, Canning was unsure of the exact circumstances in which Singapore was acquired and, initially, only undisputed topics such as free navigation rights and the elimination of piracy were agreed upon. Discussions on this subject were suspended on 5 August 1820 and did not resume until 1823, when Singapore`s commercial value was recognized by the British. Negotiations resumed on December 15, 1823, when the debate began on the creation of clear spheres of influence in the region. The Dutch understood that Singapore`s growth could not be curbed and insisted that they exchange their claims north of the Strait of Malacca and its Indian colonies in exchange for confirmation of their claims south of the strait, including the British colony of Bencoolen. The final contract was signed on 23 March 1824 by Fagel and Canning.
The treaty was finally signed on March 23, 1824 and sealed the partition of the Malay world in two, in what would later become, on the one hand, the Republic of Indonesia, on the other the Federation of Malaysia. The treaty was ratified by the United Kingdom on 30 April 1824 and by the Netherlands on 2 June 1824. He was traded to London on June 18, 1824. Negotiations resumed on 15 December 1823 and discussions focused on the creation of clear spheres of influence in the region.
