Established in October 1952, the East German Economic Committee encouraged trade with Eastern Europe. The so-called „Eastern Trade“ had to take into account the weakness of the currencies of the members of the Eastern COMECON, so that clearing operations were the most important transactions of German exporters with the Eastern Bloc. It was also the result of German-Soviet tube and natural gas operations since February 1970, a barter who exchanged large tubes and German bank loans for Soviet natural gas deliveries. From 1976 on, the coffee crisis in the GDR occurred as a result of soaring raw coffee prices, which could only be partially resolved through „armor-for-coffee“ exchanges, for example with Ethiopia. At about the same time, France developed its nuclear power (French Strike Force) from 1974 by importing uranium from the Central African Republic in exchange for weapons. [13] Until the middle of the 18th century, there was a barter in the German bookstore called „verstech“ or „change“. Books and other written products were exchanged between printers and publishers only on the basis of quantity, according to the principle of „arc against arc“ and „book for book.“ From the middle of the 18th century, this type of trade was replaced by net trade and, shortly thereafter, by conditional traffic still in force today. The General Law of the Land of Prussia (PLA) of June 1794 called the two counterparties to the exchange of buyers and sellers (I 11, 364 APL) and gave them the opportunity to „withdraw from the exchange“ in the event of an unequal exchange (I 11, 365 APL). [12] The Austrian ABGB of January 1812 defined the exchange as a contract „leaving one thing to another“ (ABGB 1045). When the buyer usually suffers from a lack of money or currencies or when confidence in the monetary value decreases, especially in the event of an economic crisis, barter occurs or alternative currencies, such as the substitute currency. B the cigarette currency in post-war Germany. For example, during The Supply Crisis in Venezuela in 2015, bartering in rural Venezuela had a second youth[1] as cities sought alternative currencies in the new form of cryptocurrencies. [2] At the beginning of the Middle Ages, bartering continued to prevail, goods changed ownership without the money being paid for them.
[9] The word „tûsch“ („fun, laughing, deceit, fraud, exchange“) was first established in 1172 in „Three Songs of the Servant“ by the priest Wernher („Driu liet von der maget“). [10] The moderately high-end word already indicated that the exchange allows you to be wrong or to be deceived by different exchange values. In the Middle Ages, despite the money available, exchange operations remained common in addition to sales contracts.
